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The rise of populism and nationalism in the West have raised
concerns about the fragility of liberal political values, chief
among them tolerance. But what alternative social resources exist
for cultivating the interpersonal relationships and mutual goodwill
necessary for sustainable peace? And how might the lived practices
of religious communities carry potential to reinterpret or
re-circuit these interpersonal tensions and transform the
relationship with the cultural "other" (Fremde) from "foe" (Feind)
to "friend" (Freund)? This volume contributes a unique analysis of
this shifting discourse by viewing the contemporary socio-political
upheaval through the lens of Friedrich Schleiermacher's theology,
with a focus on the themes of friendship, interpersonal
subjectivity, and sociability as a path beyond mere tolerance. Each
of the essays of the volume is written by an internationally
recognized scholar in the field, and the volume examines
Schleiermacher's novel reflections across multiple social contexts,
including North America, Great Britain, western Europe, and South
Africa. As these essays demonstrate, the implications of this
conversation continue to resound in contemporary religious
communities and political discourse.
A renewed focus on the role of interpersonal relationships in the
cultivation of religious sensibilities is emerging in the study of
religion. Matthew Ryan Robinson addresses this question in his
study of Friedrich Schleiermacher's notion of "free sociability".
In Schleiermacher's ethics, the human person is formed in and
consists of intimate, tightly interconnecting relationships with
others. Schleiermacher describes this sociability as a natural
tendency prompted by experiences of physical and existential
limitation that lead one to look to others to complete one's
experience. But this experience of incompleteness and orientation
to "the completion of humanity" also constitute the fundamental
structure of religion in Schleiermacher's theory of religion as
orientation to "the universe and the relationship of humanity to
it." Thus, Schleiermacher not only presents sociability as basic to
human nature, but also as inherently religious - and, potentially,
redemptive. What making such a claim means and the implications it
raises are central considerations of this study of Schleiermacher's
ethics, theory of religion and ecclesiology.
Theological work, whatever else it may be, is always reflection on
social transformations. Not only pastors but also theologians work
with the sources of the Christian traditions in one hand and a
newspaper in the other. But how are we to understand the
relationship between social transformations and the continuously
“compromised” development of Christian ideals, as these are
measured by doctrinal formulations? And how might a more deeply
sociological perspective on this relationship inform theological
work? Matthew Ryan Robinson and Evan F. Kuehn approach this
question, not by reconstructing a history of ideas, but rather by
telling a story about the development of churches and theological
institutions. They take the turbulent and dynamic ecclesiological
situation of nineteenth-century Germany as a representative case,
focusing on the sociological methodological orientation of
Friedrich Schleiermacher and Ernst Troeltsch in the context of the
rise of theological liberalism, the history of religions, and the
German churches’ confrontation with social and political
challenges. . Robinson and Kuehn then connect this orientation with
the sociology of religion of Hans Joas and Niklas Luhmann, arguing
for a functional focus in theological research on what doctrines do
rather than what the reality behind or in any particular doctrine
is.
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